Who is Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale?

 Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale was a Sikh religious leader and separatist militant who rose to prominence in the Indian state of Punjab during the 1970s and 1980s. He was the leader of the Damdami Taksal, a Sikh religious organization, and he became a vocal advocate for the creation of an independent Sikh state in Punjab. 

Bhindranwale and his followers were involved in a number of violent incidents, including the assassination of a senior Hindu leader in 1983, which led to widespread communal violence between Sikhs and Hindus. He was killed in 1984 during Operation Blue Star, a military operation conducted by the Indian government to flush out Bhindranwale and his followers from the Golden Temple in Amritsar, the holiest Sikh shrine. His death was followed by the assassination of the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi.

Babbar Khalsa Group

Babbar Khalsa is a separatist militant organization that was active in Punjab, India during the late 20th century. The group was formed in the early 1980s with the goal of creating an independent Sikh state in Punjab, and it engaged in a number of violent actions, including bombings and assassinations, in pursuit of this goal. 

The group was officially banned by the Indian government in 1983, and its leadership was subsequently arrested and imprisoned. Some members of the group continue to operate underground, but its overall level of activity has declined significantly in recent years.

Damdami Taksal Group

Damdami Taksal is a Sikh religious organization that was founded in the late 19th century in the Indian state of Punjab. The organization is known for its emphasis on traditional Sikh teachings and practices, and it operates a number of religious schools, or "taksals," where young Sikhs can study the Sikh scriptures and receive instruction in the Sikh way of life. In the 1970s and 1980s, Damdami Taksal came to be associated with the separatist movement in Punjab, led by Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale.

 Bhindranwale was a leader of Damdami Taksal before becoming a prominent separatist leader. The group was banned by the Indian government in 1984 following Operation Blue Star, but some of the group's leaders and members continue to operate underground and advocate for Sikh separatism. Damdami Taksal is considered a controversial organization due to its association with the separatist movement and its history of violence.

Operation Blue Star

Operation Blue Star was a military operation conducted by the Indian government in June 1984, with the aim of removing Sikh separatist militants, led by Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, from the Golden Temple complex in Amritsar, the holiest Sikh shrine. The operation was ordered by the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, and was carried out by the Indian Army.

The operation was met with fierce resistance from Bhindranwale's followers, who had been stockpiling weapons in the temple complex for several months. The operation resulted in heavy fighting, and caused significant damage to the temple complex, as well as many deaths, including a large number of civilians. The operation ended with the deaths of Bhindranwale and many of his followers. The operation was widely criticized, both within India and internationally, for the damage caused to the temple complex and the high number of civilian casualties. The operation led to the assassination of the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, by her Sikh bodyguards.